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Check it out to see her thoughts on Spike Lee, the Maysles Brothers and Louise Brooks.
Toddy Burton's great interview with 2 time AFF filmmaker Daniel Kraus is below. You can see Daniel's next screening Sunday the 14th at 7:30pm!
You've directed multiple documentaries and one narrative feature. What's your take on docs versus narratives and do you ever feel that it's a difficult transition from one to the other?
Documentary work informs narrative work and vice versa. For example, thinking carefully about shot composition in narrative features feeds into the compositional ideas you come up with on the fly when working on docs. Feature filmmaking is like performing a piece of music that you've composed, revised, and rehearsed. Shooting docs is like taking all of that knowledge and sitting down at a piano and improvising—it's sink or swim and you need to have the goods to make it work.
What was your original vision for this film and how did it develop throughout the production process?
The final product is remarkably close to what I wanted it to be—namely, something that turns the idea of a "concert film" inside out. With Musician, you keep waiting for the concert—and it does come eventually—because what you're mostly seeing is Ken Vandermark move heavy equipment back and forth. You expect a movie called Musician to be filled with music, but that wasn't my expectation or my experience. That's the fun of these movies: the jobs are never what you expect.
What were some of the difficulties you encountered during the production phase?
The shooting was very smooth. The biggest difficulty was the same difficulty I have with all of my docs—the fact that I make them alone. The challenge, on a moment-by-moment basis, is framing, zooming, focusing, irising, and riding two channels of sound while walking backwards down a flight of stairs. That and carrying all the equipment. By comparison, the interpersonal stuff was easy.
People say documentaries are "made" in the editing. What was the process like for you and how much would you agree with this statement?
Absolutely, it's all about the cuts, particularly with the Work Series (workseries.com), because the whole idea of the series is that I'm showing the parts of people's jobs that most filmmakers would leave on the cutting room floor. It's the off-moments that fascinate me the most: I'm talking about the hauling of equipment, or the mountain of paperwork, or the smoke break, or whatever little moments or movements a person goes through when dealing with their daily life.
What do you consider to be the goal of this film and what do you wish that audiences take away from it?
The goal of Musician is the same goal as Sheriff—and it's the same goal shared by the entire Work Series: Despite the omnipresence of video cameras, we're increasingly isolated as a culture. Seeing the minute struggles of regular people you see everyday—whether it's the CEO of your company or the person cleaning the toilets at night—humanizes them and allows for parallels to be drawn between their lives and our own. We're all in this together, you know?
It seems that you've been influenced by the work of Frederick Wiseman in verité style and even your titles (Sheriff, Musician). What are your influences and how have they shaped your work as a filmmaker?
Frederick Wiseman and Studs Terkel are the obvious touchstones—I admire their tenacity and patience. Aside from that, it's hard to think of any others; I'm really trying to develop my own Work Series aesthetic. Everything I do is sort of influenced by the original Twilight Zone TV series, but I'm not going to explain that statement—I'm going to leave that a mystery for now.
What's next for you?
I'm forging ahead with the Work Series. I'm just about to choose the subject for Work #3, though I can't announce it quite yet. Work #4, Professor, is already shot and I think it's going to be the best one so far. Also coming up, I hope, are Preacher, Social Worker, and Gravedigger. The nice thing about this concept—and the tough thing about it, too— is that the possibilities are literally endless.
You’re a native of
The first time I went back after Katrina in December of ’05, it was like being in post-war
When my crew and I first went down to shoot, I planned to make the documentary very personal. As we shot more and more and talked to more and more people, though, I realized this film shouldn’t be about me, it should be about the city – because
Your credits encompass primarily comedy, including writing, acting and directing for both shorts and features. How did you transition from straight comedy to an emotionally and politically charged documentary which so successfully traverses between comedy and tragedy.?
In a weird way, I’ve always thought of the documentary as a comedy. The laissez-faire attitude that New Orleanians have towards life in general is unlike anywhere else in
Don’t Eat the Baby has a real sense of community involvement, as the filmmaking crew seems to be a part of the Mardi Gras proceedings. What was production like?
It’s hard for anyone not to get swept up in it all, but I wish we had been able to be MORE a part in the proceedings. Going to
Everyone we approached – from people on the street to respected historians - was really open to talk to us; especially when they learned I was a local boy who would try and represent the city right. People were becoming more and more disillusioned with the national media’s sudden ignorance of the whole aftermath situation - Katrina was big news when it happened, but by six months later the national news had moved on to other things and nobody really cared anymore about the whole recovery aspect. I would be in
You’ve left Austin Texas and have been living in
It was definitely a huge adjustment coming from
With over forty hours of footage, I’m sure your editing process was quite an adventure. What was your post-production experience on Don’t Eat the Baby?
We actually ended up with over forty hours of Carnvial footage and 30 more of just interviews. Luckily the writer in me had come out before we even started shooting, so I had a detailed outline of what I wanted to discuss and how I wanted to thematically present it. We used this outline as a guide while shooting and interviewing, and then used it to coherently organize all of the footage. Of course once editing started there were massive deviations from this outline - the original cut of the movie was almost 3 hours and now it’s 90 minutes - but all-in-all it worked out pretty well. We then had to do test screenings specifically for people who had never been to
It seems obvious that shooting in
Well at one point we got permission from Pat O’Brien’s – home of the Hurricane – to go into the establishment when it was crowded and just get some B-roll. I guess we looked very official, because a lot of the tipsy clientele were under the impression that A.) we were official Pat O’Brien’s photographers and B.) we were holding a still camera. So if you watch the footage from that night, you see all these groups call us over to their table and then pose – waiting frozen for a flash that never comes.
What's next for you?
On the writing front, I’m currently working on a project for Dreamworks Animation and recently optioned a script to the Jim Henson Company that’s sort of a crazy puppet film noir. I also have a voodoo-centric supernatural thriller set up at John Woo’s company that’ set in
AFF is proud to be hosting the World Premiere of Victor Fanucchi's hilarious college satire Beyond the Pale. Read Toddy Burton's interview with Victor to learn more about Vladimir Nabokov, no-wildness policies, and modal modes
How did you get started with this project?
The idea for "Beyond the Pale" started with my obsession with Vladimir Nabokov's novel Pale Fire. I had an idea It was going to be a fake documentary by an outsider, failed academic and unreliable narrator trying to force more established Nabokov scholars to accept his strange interpretation of Pale Fire, which is in real life a novel about an academic imposing his bizarre interpretation onto a work of literature. It might not have gotten past the daydream stage if I hadn't told my friend Jeff Wise about it, who just happened to be obsessed with Pale Fire too and was reading the Brian Boyd book about Pale Fire. Jeff contributed a lot of ideas for the script and would read drafts and tell me when I was getting too far out there. Of course, I didn't have the money or personal contacts to get permission from the Nabokov estate to use Pale Fire in any way. I had been making sensible legal arguments in my head about how it would be okay not to get permission, but finally I faced up to the fact that even a legal gray area could be a nightmare for the movie down the line. And so, at the 11th hour, the novel that the movie's about became a parody of Pale Fire called Pale Queen of Night, and the author in question a composite of Nabokov and a couple others. And it was all for the better, since I'd previously been unable to stop myself from loading up the script with endless Pale Fire details. Making it a fictional work allowed me to step back a bit and concentrate on my story instead.
You’ve written and directed award-winning shorts as well as edited award-winning trailers, but this is your first feature. How did you make the transition?
I decided to make the leap from shorts to features years ago. Unfortunately the people with the money to make the features weren't aware of it. I didn't want to be pushy. The time I spent editing trailers helped me a lot actually. While writing a script I think about which scenes would make it into the trailer. Are there enough of those trailer-worthy moments? Hopefully yes.
Beyond the Pale represents a clear understanding of the weirdness of academia, particularly endless PhD programs. How dud you manage so successfully to represent this world and to create such successful satire?
Teaching screenwriting and production at a university is very different than being a scholar of film history and theory. I'm not an academic, but I'm married to one and I'm surrounded by them at work. I get to call them "colleagues," which is great for a wannabe like me. So there are some details of the academic world I passively absorbed over the years, some things I got from research, and others I just made up. Wild inaccuracies. For instance, in the world of make-believe, student-professor affairs happen all the time, while in reality they're extremely rare. If they were commonplace, they wouldn't be so titillating and therefore wouldn't pop up in every single novel or movie about academia, mine included.
Central to your film is the fictional writer J.D. Nochpynne and his novel, Pale Queen of Night, both of which resonate as so real. While characters argue about Nochpynne’s identity and the book’s different meanings, it’s almost as if this novel actually exists. What was your process of conceptualizing this work?
Whatever reality there is to Nochpynne's Pale Queen of Night, it's stolen from Nabokov's Pale Fire. Did I mention that I love Pale Fire? And Nochpynne is a certain reclusive author's name rearranged phonemically. The initials J.D. are stolen from the other big recluse in 20th century American lit. So it's a big rip-off. Although I did spend a lot of time coming up with a crazy elaborate symbology for Pale Queen of Night that would parody the complex chess and butterfly references in Pale Fire. Of course there was no place in the movie for any of that, so that was mostly time wasting.
Where did you find the cast?
A friend of mine, Matt Nix, read the script and immediately thought of Hayes Hargrove, who had been in a short of Matt's several years ago. Hayes' Myspace page listed "modal modes" among his interests. Based on that and Matt's recommendation and Hayes' reel, I offered him the lead role over the phone. Then I worried that we might not get along in person, like a bad pheromone interaction or something, but we got along great as it turned out. And that's very fortunate, since he lived in our guest room for almost a month during rehearsals and the shoot. The other casting decisions were made by a computer, which turned out surprisingly well.
Any wild on set stories?
I enforced a strict no-wildness policy on the set. Even so, there was a little on-set wildness when we shot the frat-party scene. Two young women approached my assistant director and asked if we needed a girl-on-girl makeout session in the background. Of course, Danny the AD said, "No way!" and escorted them out of there. You will definitely not see them making out in the background in the scene where Anna comes to the house looking for Sasha.
What's next for you?
There's an excellent action/suspense/dark comedy script I'd like to direct called "Afghan Picnic," written by Jeff Wise. It's got dangerously high levels of irony, even by the strictest definition of irony, where the audience knows something the main characters don't. A pair of young Americans in
How did Blood Car develop from story to screen?
In September of 2005 Adam Pinney, Hugh Braselton and myself were in the car together throwing around ideas. Specifically today, ideas for horror movies because we heard a local guy sold his movie and we had seen the film and weren’t very impressed. We were bouncing ideas back and forth, stuff taken out of the headlines- like Sam Fuller plotlines and someone came up with a car that runs on blood. That sounded like it had potential and we all kept at it that morning and after lunch had a solid outline. Adam and I began on the screenplay that evening with Adam writing the first act in a mater of hours. Shortly after we got into the writing process (which consisted of passing scenes back and forth and trying to come up with more jokes and a third act) I was bitten by a house cat and had to spend about a week in the hospital where I wrote several scenes under the fog of heavy pharmaceuticals.
The script was finished about 2 weeks after we began and instead of passing it around, asking for opinions and revising it- I took a feature film in NYC to earn enough money to make the film. We shot the script we wrote, but in the editing room Adam Pinney and I wrote the final script because we changed many scenes, lost an entire subplot and did 3 days of reshoots. .
In writing the script both Adam and myself tried to stay away from plotlines and scenes that the audience would expect and then grow tired of. In addition to writing an entertaining film with an absurdist political undercurrent we chiefly wanted to keep people in a story that wouldn’t go where they expected it to.
You have a fair amount of credits to your name, and have worked as everything from cinematographer to assistant director to actor, but this is your first time directing a feature film. How did you make the transition to writing/directing?
My intentions have always been to be a writer/director since film school. But since I knew no one was going to write some inexperienced kid a big check to go make a movie I have been working in the film industry to learn about how the set functions and to primarily meet people and make contacts that could allow me to make a film with very little money.
I met most of the actors and crew that are in Blood Car on other films that I was a gaffer or AD on. Most of my acting credits are from people not showing up to set and someone throwing me in.
Sometimes to my disadvantage, I’m a really pragmatic person. I want to know how long it really takes to do something, if we can really put a camera in a certain spot-that kinda stuff, I really have been concerned with the logistics of filmmaking. Sometimes that means I get an idea and I know immediately that it will be impossible for a small production to accomplish that feat and I throw it out.
So if you are working in another department and want to transition into writing or directing- go get a DV camera and shoot some shorts. That was what I had done before Blood Car in that area. I would usually keep it pretty simple and just have a camera and some actors. Just to learn about the process of taking something from the page and getting it to the screen was a huge help. Also writing and directing and editing your own shorts help you treat your script like it was written by someone else, and edit your footage like it wasn’t shot by you- by that I mean that you can’t hold onto every word of your script or an awesome shot that was hard to get on set. You have to have an end product that works- that’s has been an important thing for me to learn.
Blood Car seems to pay homage to early Roger Corman films, particularly movies like Death Race 2000 or even Rock and Roll High School. How did these films influenced you?
I love Roger Corman stuff. I was obsessed for years by any movie that could hold an audiences’ attention without having a large budget so I watched a lot of those films. Blood Car is really influenced by a Corman movie called Bucket of Blood. In this movie a guy wants to get chicks and where he works all the chicks like artists. So he starts making sculptures but the sculptures are just dead bodies with clay over them. It’s a terrible film but the idea is really funny to me.
As far as approaching a wild B-movie asthetic- it was easy. We had no money so it looks cheap….because it is cheap. But you don’t need money to pull the gags we did, you just need the nerve to do it. I think that Blood Car would have never been made with a large budget just because of people’s fear of everyone not liking it. I think that’s the point. If I make a movie in the hopes that everyone can like it and no one will be offended, then I’m making middle of the road crap and I don’t really wanna watch or make that stuff. Satire is meant to provoke.
As for satire, that’s what I really love. Dr. Strangelove is one of my favorite films ever made and the silliness with which they treat very serious issues is used in Blood Car quite a bit. But satirical elements have always been in horror movies. Genre films can get away with working in the genre and sliding in satirical plotlines. Texas Chainsaw Massacre has that whole thing with the kids running out of gas and it was made just after the gas crisis in ’73. Don Seigel’s Invasion of the Body Snatchers is probably the best example of a B movie with big ideas. There are tons and tons of these films, one of the more recent is The Host. Satirical films are just a joy to watch and read into, and even more fun to write. Balancing horror or another genre with very established conventions with satire is the easiest I think. I think films like Little Children and Election have a much tougher time getting people to look deeper into the film to see what the filmmaker is driving at.
You’ve got a lot of fun gross out special effects in Blood Car. How did you pull off all that blood?
We squirt a lot of blood on this movie. About 60-70 gallons I think. To get the blood to properly projectile we used fire extinguishers filled with blood and air pressure. There is one effect in the film in which a man gets his legs chopped by the blood car. For this we used a small thing that looked like a pony keg, it held more blood and air pressure than a fire extinguisher. We were able to split the hoses and shoot blood from all around the actor. We also burn a character alive, shoot some people, and hit a guy with an axe. All of it is on the cheap, just using editing and basic tricks. Some of the effects we did just bombed but lucky they were associated with a subplot we lost quickly in editing.
One of the best effects in the movie is when the lead character, Archie, takes his own blood to test the Blood Car. He does this with a box cutter and a plastic tube. The effect works really well and even made a kid at the
For make up we had to constantly match the amount of blood people had on them because we shot the film out of sequence. It’s a pain but not too much trouble for a good make up person and we definitely had one.
What we would basically do with the effects is write the effect we wanted and then try to find something close to that in another film and see how they did it, or we would get together with the production designer (Robert Paraguassu) and the blood team (Blake Myers and Will Sanders) between us we designed some of the effects or we would just use photoshop for things like gunshots.
How did you cast the movie?
The parts of Archie and Denise were written specifically for Mike Brune and Katie Rowlett. Adam and I have worked with them so much we tailored the parts for them. Its easy to write characters like those with a specific actor in mind.
Originally
I met Mr. Malt (carjacker) on the set of his music video (his rap group is the Scoundrelz) that I was the gaffer on. Adam Pinney was actually the Best Boy on that video and he got hit in the head with a light and had to go to the hospital. We both remembered that Mr. Malt had a great attitude and a really great look. We met with him and even thought he hadnever acted he killed the part so we cast him on first read.
Casting the children in the classroom was a mix of Craiglist and message boards and family and friends’ children. All of the random background agents are the crew. Instead of worrying about casting those parts we would just keep a suit around and throw someone in it when we needed an agent. The two goofball agents in the control room are played by Adam Pinney and myself; we really didn’t want to be in the movie but we shot those scenes as part of our pickup days. We got the idea after the fact and didn’t really want to cast or write lines so we did it ourselves and made it up as we went.
What's next for you?
I’m writing a movie about little league baseball. I just produced a short film written and directed by Mike Brune that I’m sure will have a great festival run. It’s a really interesting short with great performances and amazing camera work by Adam Pinney. We are developing a script by Hugh Braselton called Depth Charge, which is the story of a man whose life falls apart in four acts. Its comedy with elements of Raymond Carver and John Cheever in it. On November 6th the Blood Car DVD will be released so I’m gearing up for that too because we have lots of special features to finish up so we have a DVD full of info and entertaining bonus features. I believe that Mike Brune has raised the bar on DVD commentaries to a new level.